MAGI Calculator – Modified Adjusted Gross Income, by Purpose
MAGI is not one number — it changes with the rule you are testing. Pick the purpose — ACA premium credit, Medicare IRMAA, Social Security tax or Roth IRA — enter your adjusted gross income, and this calculator adds back only what that rule adds back, nothing more, nothing less.
Your figures
For the premium tax credit, MAGI is set by 26 U.S.C. section 36B(d)(2): adjusted gross income, plus tax-exempt interest, plus the part of Social Security that was not taxed, plus any foreign earned income you excluded. It is the figure the Marketplace and Form 8962 use, and the same measure serves most Medicaid and CHIP decisions. Sources: IRS and HealthCare.gov.
🔒 Everything is calculated in your browser — nothing you enter leaves your device.
Your MAGI
How it builds
What this number decides
The Marketplace compares your household MAGI — yours, your spouse’s if you file together, and any dependent who has to file a return — with the federal poverty guidelines for your household size to set premium tax credits and cost-sharing help. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is never counted here. If none of the three add-backs applies to you, this MAGI is simply your AGI.
Key takeaways
- There is no single MAGI: the premium credit, Medicare IRMAA, Social Security taxation and the Roth IRA worksheet each define the term in their own statute, and every version starts from adjusted gross income on line 11 of Form 1040.
- Each version adds back only its own items — tax-exempt interest for IRMAA, the untaxed part of Social Security for the premium credit, and six restorations (after conversion income is removed) for the Roth worksheet.
- Thresholds bite differently: IRMAA tiers are cliffs judged on the return from two years earlier, Roth ranges phase out gradually, and the Social Security thresholds have never been indexed for inflation.
Contents
See the build
The bar below is your own calculation, live: your adjusted gross income and every add-back this rule applies, in proportion.
There is no single MAGI. Congress wrote a different one into every law that uses it, so the same tax return produces one figure for Marketplace health coverage, another for Medicare premiums, another for taxing Social Security, and a fourth for Roth IRA contributions. Pick the rule you are testing, enter your adjusted gross income, and this calculator adds back only what that rule adds back — nothing more, nothing less.
For most households the additions are zero, and MAGI and AGI are the same number. The bars only grow when an add-back actually applies to you — which is exactly why the first step is always picking the right purpose.
The one idea underneath all four
Every MAGI starts at the same place — adjusted gross income, line 11 of Form 1040 — and then each law restores the specific items that law does not want hidden. Medicare cannot see municipal-bond interest in AGI, so IRMAA adds it back. The Roth rules will not let a conversion inflate or deflate your contribution test, so the worksheet takes conversion income out. The add-backs are the policy; the rest is addition.
Pairs well with this calculation
The returns and benefits these figures feed into.
MAGI in three steps
Pick the purpose first
MAGI has no meaning until you name the rule testing it. The premium credit, Medicare premiums, Social Security taxation and Roth IRA eligibility each define the term in their own statute or worksheet — using the wrong definition is the most common MAGI mistake there is.
Start from AGI
Every version begins with adjusted gross income — line 11 of Form 1040 — with one exception: the Social Security worksheet starts from AGI with the benefits themselves left out, because half of them join the calculation separately.
Add back only its items
Add exactly the items that purpose restores — tax-exempt interest here, a student-loan deduction there — and leave everything else alone. An item that belongs to one definition and not another is not an error; it is the law working as written.
How the MAGI calculator works
MAGI = AGI + the add-backs that one rule restores
The four formulas. ACA: AGI + tax-exempt interest + non-taxable Social Security benefits + excluded foreign earned income (26 U.S.C. section 36B(d)(2)). Medicare IRMAA: AGI + tax-exempt interest (Social Security Act section 1839(i)). Social Security: AGI excluding benefits + tax-exempt interest + the section 86 restorations, compared after half the benefits are added (IRS Publication 915). Roth IRA: AGI with conversion income removed, plus the six restorations in Worksheet 2-1 of IRS Publication 590-A.
The example on this page. A couple with AGI of $62,000, $800 of municipal-bond interest, and $12,400 of Social Security benefits that were not taxed. Their premium-credit MAGI is $62,000 + $800 + $12,400 = $75,200. Notice what is not added: the taxable part of their Social Security is already inside AGI, so counting the whole benefit again would double-count it. Only the untaxed part is restored.
Same return, different answer. Take that same return to Medicare and the untaxed Social Security vanishes from the formula: IRMAA MAGI is $62,000 + $800 = $62,800. Take it to the Roth worksheet and neither Social Security item appears, but a student-loan interest deduction or an IRA deduction would be restored instead. Four programs, four numbers, one return — all of them correct.
How the numbers are rounded. Enter whole dollars as they appear on your return. Amounts are added exactly as entered and shown to the dollar; the one halving in the Social Security formula rounds to the nearest dollar.
MAGI tables and thresholds, by purpose
The calculator above asks only for the figures one purpose needs. This section puts every purpose’s inputs, add-backs and thresholds on the page in static form, so the full picture can be read — and checked — without touching the form. All figures are from the official sources named under each table, and time-sensitive figures carry their year.
The add-backs at a glance
One return, four definitions. Read down a column to see exactly what that purpose does to your adjusted gross income; read across a row to see why the same item can count for one program and be invisible to another.
| Income item | ACA premium credit | Medicare IRMAA | Social Security tax (section 86) | Roth IRA worksheet |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted gross income (Form 1040, line 11) | Starting point | Starting point | Starting point, with benefits left out | Starting point |
| Tax-exempt interest (line 2a) | Added | Added — the only add-back | Added | Not added |
| Social Security benefits that were not taxed | Added in full | Not added | Half of total benefits is added | Not added |
| Excluded foreign earned income and housing | Added | Not added | Added, inside the section 86 restorations | Added |
| Roth conversion and rollover income | Stays in AGI | Stays in AGI | Stays in AGI | Subtracted |
| Traditional IRA deduction | Not added | Not added | Not added | Added back |
| Student loan interest deduction | Not added | Not added | Added back, inside the section 86 restorations | Added back |
| Excludable savings-bond interest | Not added | Not added | Added back | Added back |
| Excluded employer-provided adoption benefits | Not added | Not added | Added back | Added back |
| Foreign housing deduction | Not added | Not added | Not added | Added back |
Sources: 26 U.S.C. section 36B(d)(2) (premium credit); Social Security Act section 1839(i) and CMS (IRMAA); IRS Publication 915 (section 86); IRS Publication 590-A, Worksheet 2-1 (Roth IRA).
Every field, by purpose — the static list
The form builds its fields per purpose. Here is the complete list in static form, with the value each field is prefilled with, so the calculator’s granularity can be audited from the page itself.
| Purpose | Fields the calculator asks for (prefilled value) |
|---|---|
| ACA premium credit | Adjusted gross income ($62,000) · Tax-exempt interest ($800) · Non-taxable Social Security benefits ($12,400) · Excluded foreign earned income and housing ($0). No filing-status question — the premium credit works from household MAGI. |
| Medicare IRMAA | Filing status (individual return) · Adjusted gross income ($118,500) · Tax-exempt interest ($2,300). |
| Social Security tax | Filing status (single or head of household) · AGI excluding Social Security benefits ($18,000) · Tax-exempt interest ($1,200) · Other section 86 add-backs ($0) · Total Social Security benefits ($24,000). |
| Roth IRA eligibility | Filing status (single or head of household) · Adjusted gross income ($172,000) · Roth conversion and rollover income, subtracted ($20,000) · Traditional IRA deduction ($0) · Student loan interest deduction ($1,200) · Foreign earned income and housing exclusion ($0) · then, under Advanced options: foreign housing deduction ($0) · excludable savings-bond interest ($0) · excluded employer adoption benefits ($0). |
ACA: poverty-level percentages for 2026 coverage
For 2026 coverage, the Marketplace measures household MAGI against the 2025 federal poverty guidelines — the guidelines are always the prior year’s for this purpose. Premium tax credits run from 100% to 400% of the guideline for your household size. The enhanced credits that removed the 400% ceiling expired on December 31, 2025, so for 2026 the ceiling is back in force. Figures below are for the 48 contiguous states and D.C.; Alaska and Hawaii have higher guidelines.
| Household size | 100% | 150% | 200% | 250% | 400% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $15,650 | $23,475 | $31,300 | $39,125 | $62,600 |
| 2 | $21,150 | $31,725 | $42,300 | $52,875 | $84,600 |
| 3 | $26,650 | $39,975 | $53,300 | $66,625 | $106,600 |
| 4 | $32,150 | $48,225 | $64,300 | $80,375 | $128,600 |
| 5 | $37,650 | $56,475 | $75,300 | $94,125 | $150,600 |
| 6 | $43,150 | $64,725 | $86,300 | $107,875 | $172,600 |
| 7 | $48,650 | $72,975 | $97,300 | $121,625 | $194,600 |
| 8 | $54,150 | $81,225 | $108,300 | $135,375 | $216,600 |
| Each additional person | $5,500 | $8,250 | $11,000 | $13,750 | $22,000 |
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS/ASPE), 2025 poverty guidelines, applied to 2026 coverage. For 2027 coverage the 2026 guidelines apply instead — $15,960 for one person and $33,000 for a family of four, putting the 400% line at $63,840 and $132,000.
Where your MAGI falls in that range sets the share of income you are expected to pay toward the benchmark (second-lowest-cost Silver) plan; the credit covers the rest of the benchmark premium. Within a band, the percentage rises in proportion to income.
| Household income, as % of the poverty level | Initial % of income | Final % of income |
|---|---|---|
| Under 133% | 2.10% | 2.10% |
| 133% to under 150% | 3.14% | 4.19% |
| 150% to under 200% | 4.19% | 6.60% |
| 200% to under 250% | 6.60% | 8.44% |
| 250% to under 300% | 8.44% | 9.96% |
| 300% to 400% | 9.96% | 9.96% |
Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-25, applicable percentage table for 2026. Cost-sharing reductions use the same MAGI and are available on Silver plans from 100% to 250% of the poverty level. This is general information, not tax advice — HealthCare.gov or your state marketplace makes the official determination.
Medicare IRMAA 2026: filing separately, and the cost of one dollar over
The full 2026 bracket table for individual and joint returns sits in Going deeper below. Married filing separately has its own, much harsher schedule — but only if you lived with your spouse at any time during the year. If you lived apart from your spouse for the whole year, the individual table applies instead.
| MAGI — married filing separately, lived with spouse | Part B total / month | Part D add-on / month |
|---|---|---|
| $109,000 or less | $202.90 | $0.00 |
| Over $109,000 and under $391,000 | $649.20 | $83.30 |
| $391,000 or more | $689.90 | $91.00 |
Source: CMS, 2026 Medicare Parts A and B premiums and deductibles fact sheet (November 2025); premiums are set from the tax return of two years earlier — 2024 for 2026.
Worked example — the cliff. A single retiree whose 2024 MAGI is exactly $109,000 pays the standard $202.90 a month for Part B and no Part D adjustment. At $109,001 — one dollar more — the whole first tier lands: $284.10 for Part B plus $14.50 for Part D, an extra $95.70 a month, or $1,148.40 across 2026, per person. There is no phase-in at any IRMAA step, which is why the two-year lookback matters: the return that sets a premium year is usually already filed before the premium is known.
IRA phase-outs: Roth contributions and the traditional deduction, 2025 and 2026
Two different MAGI tests guard the IRAs. The Roth test decides whether you may contribute directly at all; the traditional test decides whether a contribution you may always make is deductible, and it only bites if you (or, for the spousal row, your spouse) are covered by a retirement plan at work. The calculator’s Roth mode applies the 2025 ranges; the 2026 ranges are shown alongside for the current tax year.
| Test and filing status | 2025 MAGI phase-out | 2026 MAGI phase-out |
|---|---|---|
| Roth contribution — single or head of household | $150,000 – $165,000 | $153,000 – $168,000 |
| Roth contribution — married filing jointly | $236,000 – $246,000 | $242,000 – $252,000 |
| Roth contribution — married filing separately, lived with spouse | $0 – $10,000 | $0 – $10,000 |
| Traditional deduction, you are covered at work — single or head of household | $79,000 – $89,000 | $81,000 – $91,000 |
| Traditional deduction, you are covered at work — married filing jointly | $126,000 – $146,000 | $129,000 – $149,000 |
| Traditional deduction, only your spouse is covered — married filing jointly | $236,000 – $246,000 | $242,000 – $252,000 |
| Traditional deduction — married filing separately, lived with spouse | $0 – $10,000 | $0 – $10,000 |
Source: IRS — Notice 2024-80 (2025 amounts), Notice 2025-67 (2026 amounts) and the IRS COLA table for retirement-plan limitations. The married-filing-separately range is fixed by statute and is not inflation-adjusted. Contribution limits: $7,000 for 2025 ($8,000 if 50 or older) and $7,500 for 2026 ($8,600 if 50 or older).
Worked example — a partial Roth contribution. A single filer with 2026 MAGI of $160,500 sits halfway through the $153,000 – $168,000 range, so roughly half of the $7,500 limit survives — about $3,750. Publication 590-A’s worksheet works the reduction out exactly, rounding up to the next $10, and a conversion remains available at any income because conversion income is removed from this MAGI.
Education credits: the MAGI limits
The education credits use yet another MAGI: AGI plus the foreign earned income and housing exclusions and the possessions exclusions restored under section 25A(g)(2). For most filers with no foreign income it equals AGI. Since 2021 the American Opportunity credit and the Lifetime Learning credit have shared the same limits, and those limits are fixed dollar figures in the statute — they are not adjusted for inflation.
| Credit | Full credit up to (single / joint) | Phases out by (single / joint) | Maximum credit |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Opportunity Tax Credit | $80,000 / $160,000 | $90,000 / $180,000 | $2,500 per eligible student |
| Lifetime Learning Credit | $80,000 / $160,000 | $90,000 / $180,000 | $2,000 per tax return |
Source: IRS, education credits (Form 8863) and Publication 970. Married filing separately cannot claim either credit. This page’s calculator does not compute the education-credit MAGI — the table is here because the same AGI starting point feeds it, and filers often meet all of these tests on one return.
Worked example — one household, two answers
A household of three estimates 2026 Marketplace coverage with a household MAGI of $52,000. Against the 2025 guideline for three — $26,650 — that is 195.12% of the poverty level, inside the 150% to under 200% band. Interpolating the 2026 applicable percentage (4.19% rising to 6.60% across the band) gives about 6.36% of income, so the household’s expected contribution toward the benchmark plan is roughly $3,310 a year; the premium tax credit covers whatever the benchmark plan costs above that. The same $52,000, measured for Medicare, would be judged as AGI plus tax-exempt interest only, on a return from two years earlier, against thresholds that start at $109,000 — comfortably standard-premium territory. Two programs, two definitions, two correct answers from closely related figures. That is the whole subject of this page: name the purpose first, then build the number that purpose actually uses. Treat every figure in these examples as an estimate; the official determination always belongs to the IRS, CMS, Social Security or the Marketplace.
Going deeper
AGI is a tax figure, built to measure what can fairly be taxed — and that makes it a poor measure of what a household can actually afford or earn. Tax-exempt interest is real income that AGI ignores. Foreign earnings excluded under section 911 are real income too. So whenever a new program needs an income test — health subsidies in 2010, Medicare surcharges in 2007, benefit taxation back in 1984 — the statute defines its own modified figure that restores whichever exclusions would otherwise hide the income that program cares about.
The practical consequence is that “What is your MAGI?” is an incomplete question. Tax software and official forms always mean the MAGI of the specific provision being computed. When a letter from Social Security about Medicare premiums cites a MAGI, it is the IRMAA figure from your return of two years ago; when Form 8962 reconciles your premium credit, it is the section 36B figure. Neither can be substituted for the other.
For 2026, Medicare looks at the MAGI on your 2024 tax return — AGI plus tax-exempt interest — and sets Part B and Part D premiums from the CMS table published in November 2025. One dollar over a threshold moves the whole premium; there is no phase-in.
| MAGI — individual | MAGI — joint | Part B total / month | Part D add-on / month |
|---|---|---|---|
| $109,000 or less | $218,000 or less | $202.90 | $0.00 |
| Over $109,000 to $137,000 | Over $218,000 to $274,000 | $284.10 | $14.50 |
| Over $137,000 to $171,000 | Over $274,000 to $342,000 | $405.80 | $37.50 |
| Over $171,000 to $205,000 | Over $342,000 to $410,000 | $527.50 | $60.40 |
| Over $205,000 and under $500,000 | Over $410,000 and under $750,000 | $649.20 | $83.30 |
| $500,000 or more | $750,000 or more | $689.90 | $91.00 |
Because the return is two years old, life can change faster than the premium does. If your income fell because of retirement, a spouse’s death, divorce, or another life-changing event listed on Form SSA-44, Social Security can re-decide using a more recent year — but only if you ask, with documents. A one-time capital gain, on its own, is not such an event.
One acronym, four different MAGIs
The most useful sentence on this page is that MAGI is not one number. Medicare adds back only tax-exempt interest. Premium credits add tax-exempt interest, non-taxable Social Security in full, and excluded foreign income and housing. Social Security taxation adds half of total benefits. The companion guide works through the add-back table and a worked example that produces three different MAGIs from one return.
The year matters as much as the number
IRMAA looks back two years, Roth limits use the contribution year, and premium credits use the coverage-year estimate. A Roth conversion in a low-income year is the classic MAGI planning move, because the conversion raises MAGI in the conversion year and lowers future required distributions.
Frequently asked questions
What is MAGI — modified adjusted gross income?
MAGI is adjusted gross income with specific items added back, and the list of items depends on the law doing the asking. For the ACA premium tax credit it is AGI plus tax-exempt interest, non-taxable Social Security benefits and excluded foreign earned income. For Medicare IRMAA it is just AGI plus tax-exempt interest. For Roth IRA contributions it is AGI with conversion income removed and six deductions and exclusions restored, per Worksheet 2-1 of IRS Publication 590-A. There is no universal MAGI.
Why is my MAGI different for different programs?
Because each program’s statute defines the term for itself, restoring the income that program refuses to let stay hidden. Medicare cannot see tax-exempt interest in AGI, so IRMAA adds it back. The premium credit counts untaxed Social Security as household resources, so section 36B adds that back. The Roth rules strip out conversion income so a conversion cannot block a contribution. Same return, different question, different number — each one correct for its own rule.
Does MAGI appear as a line on my tax return?
No. No form prints a line called MAGI. Adjusted gross income is line 11 of Form 1040, and each MAGI is built from it inside the worksheet or form that needs it — Form 8962 for the premium credit, Worksheet 2-1 of Publication 590-A for Roth IRA purposes, the Social Security worksheet in Publication 915, and Social Security’s own records for IRMAA. That is why this calculator starts from line 11 and asks only for the add-backs your purpose needs.
Does a Roth conversion change my MAGI?
It depends on the MAGI. A conversion is income, so it sits inside AGI and raises the figures built straight from AGI — the premium-credit MAGI and the IRMAA MAGI, which is why a large conversion can raise Medicare premiums two years later. But for the Roth IRA contribution test itself, Worksheet 2-1 of Publication 590-A has you subtract conversion income, so converting does not block you from also contributing. One caution from that worksheet: subtract conversion income only for the Roth contribution figure, not for your other AGI-based limits.
Which year’s income does IRMAA use?
The return from two years earlier. Medicare premiums for 2026 are set from the MAGI on your 2024 return, under the CMS table published in November 2025: surcharges start above $109,000 for an individual return and $218,000 on a joint return. If your income has since dropped because of a life-changing event — retirement, marriage, divorce, a spouse’s death, or loss of income-producing property — you can ask Social Security to use a later year instead, on Form SSA-44.
Are the Social Security tax thresholds indexed for inflation?
No, and they never have been. The base amounts in section 86 — $25,000 for single filers and $32,000 on a joint return, with the second tier at $34,000 and $44,000 — were set in 1984 and 1993 and are fixed dollar figures in the statute. Because wages and benefits rise with inflation while the thresholds stand still, a larger share of retirees crosses them every year. It also means the thresholds in this calculator do not need a year label: they are the same for 2025, 2026 and every year until Congress changes them.
Does MAGI decide Medicaid and CHIP eligibility too?
Yes, for most children, pregnant women, parents and adult-expansion enrollees. Medicaid and CHIP use the MAGI methodology in 42 U.S.C. section 1396a(e)(14), which starts from the same section 36B household-income definition as the premium tax credit, with two adjustments of its own: a disregard equal to 5 percentage points of the poverty level, and no asset test for MAGI groups. Some groups — including most people eligible through disability or age — are still tested under older, non-MAGI rules, and the state runs the official determination.
What is the difference between AGI and MAGI?
AGI is the figure your return itself produces: gross income minus the adjustments in section 62, printed on line 11 of Form 1040. MAGI is what a second law does to that figure afterwards. Each program that tests income takes AGI and restores the items it refuses to let stay hidden — tax-exempt interest for Medicare, untaxed Social Security for the premium credit, six deductions and exclusions for the Roth worksheet — or, in the Roth case, first removes conversion income. If none of a program’s items applies to you, its MAGI and your AGI are the same number.
How does MAGI decide premium tax credit eligibility in 2026?
The Marketplace compares your household MAGI with the federal poverty guidelines for your household size — for 2026 coverage, the 2025 guidelines. The credit is available from 100% to 400% of the poverty level: $15,650 to $62,600 for one person and $32,150 to $128,600 for a family of four in the 48 contiguous states and D.C. The enhanced credits that removed that ceiling expired on December 31, 2025, so in 2026 income above 400% means no premium tax credit. Inside the range, the share of income you are expected to pay toward the benchmark plan rises from 2.10% below 133% of the poverty level to 9.96% at 300% to 400%, under the IRS table in Revenue Procedure 2025-25. HealthCare.gov or your state marketplace makes the official determination — treat any figure here as an estimate.
Is there a MAGI for the net investment income tax?
Yes — a fifth definition this calculator does not compute. For the 3.8% net investment income tax, section 1411(d) defines MAGI as AGI plus any foreign earned income and housing you excluded under section 911, net of the deductions and exclusions properly allocable to that excluded income. The tax applies to the lesser of your net investment income or the amount by which that MAGI exceeds $200,000 on a single return or $250,000 on a joint return. Like the Social Security thresholds, those figures are fixed in the statute and are not indexed for inflation.
Which MAGI does the calculator compute?
It computes by purpose: pick ACA premium credit, Medicare IRMAA, Social Security taxation, or the Roth IRA worksheet, and it asks only for that purpose fields and add-backs. The prefilled values show a typical case for each purpose.
Does a Roth conversion change my MAGI?
Yes. A conversion adds to AGI in the conversion year, and therefore to MAGI for every purpose that starts from AGI. That can push you over a Roth phase-out or into a higher IRMAA tier two years later.
What if I have no add-back items?
Then MAGI equals AGI for that purpose. Many people with only wage income and no tax-exempt interest or non-taxable benefits will find the two numbers identical.